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Charpentiera tomentosa var. tomentosa

This name is accepted

Kingdom: Viridiplantae Phylum: Magnoliophyta Class/Clade: Eudicot-CoreEudicot Order: Caryophyllales Family: Amaranthaceae Genus: Charpentiera

pāpala

Description

Key Characters:

Growth Form: Slender or robust trees 6–12 m tall, new growth densely brown tomentose.

Stems: Stems 1.75–6 mm in diameter directly below apex, internodes up to 12 mm long. Apical buds appear lateral, overtopped by leaves.

Roots:

Leaves: Leaves simple. Alternate. Blades obovate to subovate. Apex acute to rounded and usually retuse as well. Base acute to rounded. Surfaces glabrous or pubescent. Margins entire. Lateral veins 10–20 pairs. Marginal ribs strongly and prominently developed. Petioles 1–11 cm long. Stipules absent.

Flowers: Flowers in single axillary panicles, these 1–2 branched, reddish brown pubescent or glabrous. Panicles 13–50 cm long, often compound, with 8–25 primary branches 5–20 cm long. Each panicle branch subtended by 1 bract, peduncles 2–10 cm long. Gynodioecious (with bisexual (perfect)–flowered plants and female plants in each population). flowers several to 20–30 per branch, internodes between individual flowers 0.8–11 mm long. Calyx of 5 sepals, distinct, imbricate, subequal; 1.5–2.5 mm long, 3–5-veined. Corolla (petals) absent. Stamens and staminodes 5; filaments connate at base to form a short, membranous tube with short, rounded flaps of tissue alternating with the filaments; anthers exserted at anthesis. Ovary superior, globose or urceolate, 1.5–2 mm long; style absent or very short; stigmas 2, straight or recurved, nearly as long as the ovary, with glands on the inner surface.

Fruit: Indehiscent utricle. Seeds black and shiny; lenticular ca. 1.5 mm long.

Ploidy:

Habitat: Occuring in mesic forest.

Elevation Range: 110–770 m.

Historical Distribution

Uses and Culture

USES

Natural History

Statewide Status

Endemic

Island Status

Kaua'i Endemic
O'ahu Endemic
Molokai Unknown
Lana'i Extirpated
Maui Endemic
Hawai'i Endemic

Dispersal Agents


Pollinators

Specimens

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Bibliography

Other References

Wagner et al. 1990:191 (O, Mo, L, M, H); Faccenda, Arthur, et al. 2025:153 (K); Hank Oppenheimer pers. obs./Degener 8820 NY (Mo†, 1928); Hank Oppenheimer pers. obs./Degener 28567 BISH (L†, 1963); Hank Oppenheimer pers. obs./Degener 28567 BISH (M†, 1984); Josh VanDeMark pers. comm. 2025 (H†, 1978)

Occurrences

SNo. Scientific Name Locality Habitat Basis of Record Recorded By Record Number Island Source Date
1 Charpentiera tomentosa var. tomentosa Waianae Mts., along access rd. to Kuaokala Forest Reserve, head of Kawaihapi Gulch Gulch - Steep slope dominated by Pisonia and Charpentiera Preserved_Specimen Wagner, W.L. 5355 Oahu BISH 1984-04-08
2 Charpentiera tomentosa var. tomentosa Northern Waianae Mts., Peacock Flats Trail; trail begins about 2000' elev. Winds through forest with Koa, the native Hibiscus, Pisonia, and Charpentiera among others. Preserved_Specimen Sohmer, S.H. 6652 Oahu BISH 1970-09-05
3 Charpentiera tomentosa var. tomentosa Koolau Mts., Kawailoa, Kawaiiki ditch trail, with Freycinetia arborea and Diospyros hillebrandii Preserved_Specimen Chock, A.K. 165 Oahu BISH 1930-03-19
4 Charpentiera tomentosa var. tomentosa Waianae Mts., Mokuleia-Makua divide, Mokuleia Forest Reserve Mokuleia rainforest Preserved_Specimen St.John, H. 12241 Oahu BISH 1932-11-25
5 Charpentiera tomentosa var. tomentosa Kawainui Ditch Trail On shaded hillside, Preserved_Specimen Crosby, M.R. 1572 Oahu BISH 1964-06-28
6 Charpentiera tomentosa var. tomentosa Upper eaches of Manini Gulch Gulch Preserved_Specimen Takeuchi, W.N. 2311 Oahu BISH 1985-07-14
7 Charpentiera tomentosa var. tomentosa E Pahole gulch, Waianae Mts., Waialua, subgulch steep slope; with Antidesma, Pittosporum, Schinus, Metrosideros Preserved_Specimen Nagata, K.M. 1305 Oahu BISH 1976-06-15
8 Charpentiera tomentosa var. tomentosa Hulopoe Gulch, head of, at Munro Trail protected forest Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 28567 Lanai BISH 1963-08-11
9 Charpentiera tomentosa var. tomentosa Waianae rain forest, mountain side Preserved_Specimen Baker, R.J. Oahu BISH 1933-03-12
10 Charpentiera tomentosa var. tomentosa Kaluanui Syzygium malaccense forest along Cyrtandra-rich streamcourse, on clay banks or talus rock Preserved_Specimen Takeuchi, W.N. 3932 Oahu BISH 1988-07-31
11 Charpentiera tomentosa var. tomentosa Waianae Mts., Mokuleia Forest Reserve, Pahole Gulch, 1st eastern subgulch Steep rocky slope in mixed mesophytic forest with Pisonia, Hedyotis, Gouldia, Psychotria, Charpentiera, Morinda, and Hibiscus Preserved_Specimen Wagner, W.L. 5345 Oahu BISH 1984-04-08
12 Charpentiera tomentosa var. tomentosa Kaluanui Syzygium malaccense forest along Cyrtandra-rich streamcourse, on clay banks or talus rock Preserved_Specimen Takeuchi, W.N. 3932 Oahu BISH 1988-07-31
13 Charpentiera tomentosa var. tomentosa Waianae Mts., along access rd. to Kuaokala Forest Reserve, head of Kawaihapi Gulch Gulch - Steep slope dominated by Pisonia and Charpentiera Preserved_Specimen Wagner, W.L. 5355 Oahu BISH 1984-04-08
14 Charpentiera tomentosa var. tomentosa Puu Kalena, Waianae Mts. Waianae Kai Wooded gulch Preserved_Specimen St.John, H. 12975 Oahu BISH 1933-03-12
15 Charpentiera tomentosa var. tomentosa Waianae Mts., Mokuleia Forest Reserve, Pahole Gulch, 1st eastern subgulch Steep rocky slope in mixed mesophytic forest with Pisonia, Hedyotis, Gouldia, Psychotria, Charpentiera, Morinda, and Hibiscus Preserved_Specimen Wagner, W.L. 5345 Oahu BISH 1984-04-08
16 Charpentiera tomentosa var. tomentosa Waianae mountains; Kaluaa Gulch Tree along ridge to right side of south fork of central gulch. Preserved_Specimen Montgomery, S.L. 2 Oahu BISH 1970-02-22
17 Charpentiera tomentosa var. tomentosa Upper Makaha Valley, Waianae Range, off crest of Makaha-Waianae Kai ridge on the Makaha side, beyond the trail coming up from Makaha Valley Under a canopy of natives: Metrosideros, Eugenia, etc. Preserved_Specimen Obata, J.K. 339 Oahu BISH 1978-02-19
18 Charpentiera tomentosa var. tomentosa Waimea District. Pohakuao, hanging valley above falls. Kauai diverse mesic forest impacted by secondary invasive species with Metrosideros polymorpha var. glaberrima, Chrysodracon sandwicensis, Xylosma hawaiiensis, Diospyros sandwicensis, Diospyros hillebrandii, Planchonella sandwicensis, Rauvol;fia sandwicensis, Santalum involut. Preserved_Specimen Wood, K.R. 17098 Kauai BISH 2016-08-10
19 Charpentiera tomentosa var. tomentosa Waianae Mts., Honouliuli FR, Kanehoa by intermittent stream Preserved_Specimen Wilbur, R.L. 762 Oahu BISH 1948-06-13
20 Charpentiera tomentosa var. tomentosa head of Keekee gulch, below Hakaloa, Kuaokala FR, Waianae Mts moist forest Preserved_Specimen Fosberg, F.R. 12866 Oahu BISH 1936-02-02
21 Charpentiera tomentosa var. tomentosa Koolau Mts., Kipapa Gulch wooded stream bed Preserved_Specimen Hosaka, E.Y. 1218 Oahu BISH 1933-08-08
22 Charpentiera tomentosa var. tomentosa N Hilo Dist. Humuula Ahu. Tr 13(64); E slope Mauna Kea ridge betwn Alenaio Gl & Kaawalii St, Hilo FR Wet koa-'ohi'a forest with other native trees and a treefern, native shrub understory. Preserved_Specimen Warshauer, F.R. 1692 Hawaii BISH 1978-01-25
23 Charpentiera tomentosa var. tomentosa Kaluaa gulch, above Schofield, between Puus Kanehoa and Hapapa shade, near vertical side Preserved_Specimen Hutchison, P.C. 2833 Oahu BISH 1967-01-15
24 Charpentiera tomentosa var. tomentosa Wailele Emerging from water seep along vertical basalt face Preserved_Specimen Takeuchi, W.N. 2939 Oahu BISH 1986-10-01
25 Charpentiera tomentosa var. tomentosa Waianae Valley, Gulches West of Aianae Kai Below Puu Kawiwi In Sapindus Forest w/Ohia, Antidesma, Alectryon, Hibiscus, Ti Preserved_Specimen Perlman, S. 5501 Oahu BISH 1987-03-08
26 Charpentiera tomentosa var. tomentosa Puu Kanehoa, Waianae Mts dry ridge Preserved_Specimen Storey, W.B. Oahu BISH 1931-03-21
27 Charpentiera tomentosa var. tomentosa Kealia, Waianae Mts wooded gulch Preserved_Specimen Hosaka, E.Y. 1304 Oahu BISH 1936-02-02
28 Charpentiera tomentosa var. tomentosa Kaliuwaa Narrow flood plain with monodominant forest of Syzygium malaccense, loamy substrate infused with alluvial pebbles along 1% streamcourse Preserved_Specimen Takeuchi, W.N. 3916 Oahu BISH 1988-07-30
29 Charpentiera tomentosa var. tomentosa Makaleha, Mokuleia Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 17031 Oahu BISH 1918-04-01
30 Charpentiera tomentosa var. tomentosa Makaleha, Mokuleia Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 17031 Oahu BISH 1918-04-01
31 Charpentiera tomentosa var. tomentosa Waianae Mts Preserved_Specimen Long, C.R. 4016 Oahu BISH 1966-01-18
32 Charpentiera tomentosa var. tomentosa Makaleha, Mokuleia Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 17031 Oahu BISH 1918-04-01
33 Charpentiera tomentosa var. tomentosa Maakua Gulch Preserved_Specimen Porter, J. 3 Oahu BISH 1969-10-18
34 Charpentiera tomentosa var. tomentosa N Haleakala Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 2513 Maui BISH 1920-06-14
35 Charpentiera tomentosa var. tomentosa Makaha Valley, Waianae Mts Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 1094 Oahu BISH 1909-02-12
36 Charpentiera tomentosa var. tomentosa Waimea Arboretum Preserved_Specimen Miller, J.S. 7879 Oahu BISH 1992-07-31
37 Charpentiera tomentosa var. tomentosa Makaha Valley, Waianae Mts Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 1157 Oahu BISH 1909-02-12
38 Charpentiera tomentosa var. tomentosa 1st side gulch N of mouth of Kawainui, Kawailoa Preserved_Specimen Welch, A.A. Oahu BISH 1936-01-01
39 Charpentiera tomentosa var. tomentosa Waianae Mts., Kunia trail E of Puu Kanehoa Preserved_Specimen Stone, B.C. 3267 Oahu BISH 1960-03-26
40 Charpentiera tomentosa var. tomentosa Keawaula uplands Preserved_Specimen MacCaughey, V. Oahu BISH 1915-03-28
41 Charpentiera tomentosa var. tomentosa Mt.Kaala Preserved_Specimen Meinecke, W.H. Oahu BISH 1922-12-30
42 Charpentiera tomentosa var. tomentosa Makua-Mokuleia divide, Waianae Mts Preserved_Specimen Krauss, N.H. Oahu BISH 1932-11-25
43 Charpentiera tomentosa var. tomentosa Makaha Valley Preserved_Specimen Suehiro, A. Oahu BISH 1932-04-03
44 Charpentiera tomentosa var. tomentosa Waianae Saddle between Puu Kawiwi and Mt. Kaala Preserved_Specimen Montgomery, S.L. Oahu BISH 1970-06-05
45 Charpentiera tomentosa var. tomentosa Makaha Valley, Waianae Mts Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 1094 Oahu BISH 1909-02-12
46 Charpentiera tomentosa var. tomentosa N Haleakala Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 2513 Maui BISH 1920-06-14
47 Charpentiera tomentosa var. tomentosa Waianae Mts., Makaha valley, top of ridge S of valley head Preserved_Specimen MacDaniels, L.H. 570 Oahu BISH 1927-01-31
48 Charpentiera tomentosa var. tomentosa Kaiholena Preserved_Specimen Munro, G.C. 44 Lanai BISH 1913-08-01
49 Charpentiera tomentosa var. tomentosa N Haleakala, Papaaea Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 2513 Maui BISH 1920-06-14
50 Charpentiera tomentosa var. tomentosa Hakakoa, Waianae Mts Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 17154 Oahu BISH 1918-05-01
51 Charpentiera tomentosa var. tomentosa [Hawaiian Islands; U.S.A.; O`ahu; Hawai`i; Honolulu] Preserved_Specimen Sohmer, S.H. 6683 Oahu BISH 1970-01-01
52 Charpentiera tomentosa var. tomentosa Waipio Valley Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 4665 Hawaii BISH 1909-07-01
53 Charpentiera tomentosa var. tomentosa Makaleha, Mokuleia Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 17031 Oahu BISH 1918-04-01
54 Charpentiera tomentosa var. tomentosa Kawaiiki Ditch Trail, Koolau Mountains Preserved_Specimen Crosby, M.R. 1941 Oahu BISH 1964-08-01
55 Charpentiera tomentosa var. tomentosa West Maui, Lahaina, Kanaha Stream Preserved_Specimen Lau, J. 1032 Maui BISH 1984-02-10
56 Charpentiera tomentosa var. tomentosa Puu Kalena; Waianae Kai Preserved_Specimen Suehiro, A. 79 Oahu BISH 1933-03-12
57 Charpentiera tomentosa var. tomentosa Wiliwilinui ridge, E slope Preserved_Specimen Tokushige, W. Oahu BISH 1970-06-28
58 Charpentiera tomentosa var. tomentosa Koolau Mts., Hidden Valley above Kaaawa - lower part of valley Kukui, Awa patches, Banana on stream bank by waterfall, south side of stream Preserved_Specimen Perlman, S. 5413 Oahu BISH 1987-03-08
59 Charpentiera tomentosa var. tomentosa Hawaiian Islands; U.S.A.; Hawaii Preserved_Specimen Mann, H. 79 BISH 1864-01-01
60 Charpentiera tomentosa var. tomentosa Waianae mountains; Waianae Saddle Preserved_Specimen Montgomery, S.L. Oahu BISH
61 Charpentiera tomentosa var. tomentosa Makaha Valley, Waianae Mts Lower woods Preserved_Specimen St.John, H. 11619 Oahu BISH 1932-04-03
62 Charpentiera tomentosa var. tomentosa Waianae Mts., Kaluaa Gulch Native forest with Charpentiera (2 kinds), Cyrtandra, Pouteria, Psychotria, some Perrottetia, Strongylodon, Pipturus, Cibotium, and others Preserved_Specimen Sohmer, S.H. 6438 Oahu BISH 1970-04-27
63 Charpentiera tomentosa var. tomentosa Waianae Kai Trail Diverse mesic forest. Preserved_Specimen Annable, C.R. 3864 Oahu BISH 1998-10-02
64 Charpentiera tomentosa var. tomentosa Kawaiiki, typical kukui-Clidemia gully Distributes preferentially along the bottoms and lower slopes of area gullies Preserved_Specimen Takeuchi, W.N. 3030 Oahu BISH 1986-11-22
65 Charpentiera tomentosa var. tomentosa Laupahoehoe section of the Hilo forest reserve Associations composed primarily of Metrosideros, Coprosma, Antidesma, Sadleria, Freycinetia and some Charpentiera. Preserved_Specimen Sohmer, S.H. 6262 Hawaii BISH 1970-01-05
66 Charpentiera tomentosa var. tomentosa Waianae Mts., head of Lualualei valley, below Puu Kanehoa open forest Preserved_Specimen Christophersen, E. 3667 Oahu BISH 1932-05-25
67 Charpentiera tomentosa var. tomentosa Makaha Valley, Waianae Range, off crest of Makaha-Waianae Kai ridge on the Makaha side beyond the old trail coming up from Makaha Valley; under a canopy of natives: Metrosideros, Euginia, etc 35 degree slope Preserved_Specimen Obata, J.K. 339 Oahu BISH 1978-02-19
68 Charpentiera tomentosa var. tomentosa Koolau Mts., Kaaawa ridge, E of Makaua with Metrosideros, Dicranopteris, Charpentiera tomentosa, Cyanea crispa, Cyanea acuminata, Nothocestrum longifolium, Melicope peduncularis Preserved_Specimen Wood, K.R. 5370 Oahu BISH 1996-07-12
69 Charpentiera tomentosa var. tomentosa Waianae Mts., head of Lualualei valley, below Puu Kanehoa open forest Preserved_Specimen Christophersen, E. 3667 Oahu BISH 1932-05-25
70 Charpentiera tomentosa var. tomentosa Koolau Mts., Kawailoa, Kawaiiki ditch trail, with Freycinetia arborea and Diospyros hillebrandii Preserved_Specimen Chock, A.K. 165 Oahu BISH 1930-03-19
71 Charpentiera tomentosa var. tomentosa Waianae Kai, gulch at base of Kamaileunu ridge Gulch in guava-kukui forest Preserved_Specimen Takeuchi, W.N. 2109 Oahu BISH 1985-03-31
72 Charpentiera tomentosa var. tomentosa Kaliuwaa Narrow flood plain with monodominant forest of Syzygium malaccense, loamy substrate infused with alluvial pebbles along 1% streamcourse Preserved_Specimen Takeuchi, W.N. 3916 Oahu BISH 1988-07-30
73 Charpentiera tomentosa var. tomentosa Puu Hapapa, Waianae Mts., Honouliuli Wooded valley Preserved_Specimen St.John, H. 10438 Oahu BISH 1930-03-16
74 Charpentiera tomentosa var. tomentosa Pahole Gulch; drainage #2 Near count plot 1 on low east facing slope under a canopy of Pisonia umbellifera. Preserved_Specimen Welton, P. 102 Oahu BISH 1989-03-17
75 Charpentiera tomentosa var. tomentosa Waianae Mts., Mokuleia-Makua divide, Mokulera Forest Bern Mokuleia rainforest at Preserved_Specimen St.John, H. 12241 Oahu BISH 1932-11-25
76 Charpentiera tomentosa var. tomentosa Puu Kanehoa, Honouliuli, Waianae Mts Wooded ridge Preserved_Specimen St.John, H. 11055 Oahu BISH 1931-03-22
77 Charpentiera tomentosa var. tomentosa Makua Valley forest, wet slopes Preserved_Specimen Furmidge, G. Oahu BISH 1930-11-25
78 Charpentiera tomentosa var. tomentosa Kawaiiki ditch trail, Kawailoa, Koolau Mts dry forest Preserved_Specimen Shinohara, B. 47 Oahu BISH 1946-11-10
79 Charpentiera tomentosa var. tomentosa Kawaiiki, typical kukui-Clidemia gully Distributes preferentially along the bottoms and lower slopes of area gullies Preserved_Specimen Takeuchi, W.N. 3030 Oahu BISH 1986-11-22
80 Charpentiera tomentosa var. tomentosa Waianae Kai, gulch at base of Kamaileunu ridge Gulch in guava-kukui forest Preserved_Specimen Takeuchi, W.N. 2109 Oahu BISH 1985-03-31
81 Charpentiera tomentosa var. tomentosa Northern Waianae Mts., Peacock Flats Trail; trail begins about 2000' elev. Winds through forest with Koa, the native Hibiscus, Pisonia, and Charpentiera among others. Preserved_Specimen Sohmer, S.H. 6653 Oahu BISH 1970-09-05
82 Charpentiera tomentosa var. tomentosa Kawaiiki, typical kukui-Clidemia gully Distributes preferentially along the bottoms and lower slopes of area gullies Preserved_Specimen Takeuchi, W.N. 3030 Oahu BISH 1986-11-22
83 Charpentiera tomentosa var. tomentosa Wailele Emerging from water seep along vertical basalt face Preserved_Specimen Takeuchi, W.N. 2939 Oahu BISH 1986-10-01
84 Charpentiera tomentosa var. tomentosa Mokuleia trail, Waianae Mts orange tree valley Preserved_Specimen Stone, B.C. 2763 Oahu BISH 1959-04-27
85 Charpentiera tomentosa var. tomentosa E ridge of Puu Kalena, Waianaeuka moist forest Preserved_Specimen Hartung, M. Oahu BISH 1936-03-22
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